Gwinnett’s standards for grades K–12 are called the Academic Knowledge and Skills (AKS) and are aligned to the state-adopted Georgia Standards of Excellence (GSE) in Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies for students at all grade levels. Gwinnett’s AKS are rigorous standards that prepare students for college and 21st century careers in a globally competitive future.

The AKS standards for each grade level spell out the essential concepts students are expected to know and skills they should acquire in that grade or subject. The AKS offer a solid base on which teachers build rich learning experiences. Teachers use curriculum guides, technology, and instructional resources to teach the AKS and to make sure each and every student is learning to his or her potential.

The Academic Knowledge and Skills (AKS) standards were developed by our teachers, with input from our parents and community, in response to Gwinnett County Public Schools’ mission statement: The mission of Gwinnett County Public Schools is to pursue excellence in academic knowledge, skills, and behavior for each student resulting in measured improvement against local, national, and world-class standards.

Please click here to learn more about Specialized Programs and Services available to all GCPS students in grades Kindergarten through 12.

What will my student learn in Kindergarten?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In kindergarten, students work on beginning reading and writing skills that will lead to success in subsequent grade levels. Specifically, the focus is on letters, sounds, and words, as well as reading and writing with accuracy and expression to support comprehension. Students use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies classroom activities. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across the content areas. Activities include interactive read-alouds, phonics, shared reading and writing experiences, small-group reading and writing instruction, and independent reading and writing time.

By the end of kindergarten, all students are expected to:

• Understand that print carries meaning;
• Understand sound/letter relationships and patterns in words such as consonant and vowel sounds, consonant blends, and word families (for example, -ed, -am, -it);
• Apply grade-appropriate phonics, language, and word analysis skills in writing and reading;
• Acquire the skills to become lifelong readers and writers, such as self-selection of books, self-monitoring to correct errors when reading and writing, and talking with and listening to peers about reading and writing; and
• Use listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills to communicate throughout the day.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with many facets.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language, not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All children can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with modeled and guided instruction.
• Knowing where each child is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Children should be immersed in a print-rich environment.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by children should
  occur daily.
• Each day, children should have opportunities to read materials they select themselves and write on self-selected topics.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subject areas.

Speaking and Listening

Kindergartners listen to and write about a variety of literary forms, such as stories and poems, in fiction and informational (non-fiction) genres. These include fairy tales, fables, biographies, and reports. They learn to listen attentively in order to ask and answer questions and directions. Students communicate in conversation with descriptive language by relating experiences, retelling stories, and discussing character, setting, and major events in a story.

Reading

Kindergarten students tell stories with pictures and learn to predict and sequence events and outcomes. They explore the concepts of real and imaginary as they compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories. With support, students read a variety of texts for pleasure and purpose. In kindergarten, children know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis to decode words. 

Language
(Phonics, Spelling, Vocabulary, and Handwriting)

By the end of the year, students should be able to read and spell words with selected patterns and common high-frequency words. During the year, teachers assess students’ ability to use these words correctly in reading and writing. Students also learn how to print clearly and legibly.

Writing

At this age, students will use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose opinion pieces, informational text, and personal stories (narrative) to relay a powerful message. Teachers help students understand how to think of a topic, draw a picture to reflect that topic, and do their best to write about it. Students will add details to their writing and sound out words for more accurate spelling.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically, and communicate effectively.

Learning in kindergarten focuses on developing number sense, understanding and using numbers through mathematical operations, geometry, measurement and data, and algebraic thinking. By the end of kindergarten, students should be able to do the following:

• Know number names and the count sequence;
• Represent and compare whole numbers, initially with sets
  of objects;
• Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes;
• Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10,
  using drawings and objects; and
• Gain foundations of place value with numbers 11–19.

Kindergarten students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. They use hands-on manipulatives, technology, and real-world examples. Students use pictures, word and numeric problems, data, graphs, symbols, and problem-solving strategies.

Science 

The foundation for science literacy begins in kindergarten with a hands-on approach. Through inquiry-based exploration, students learn content in the earth, life, and physical sciences. Students also are introduced to strategies for asking questions, collecting and analyzing data, making measurements, and describing the world around them.

Science and Engineering Practices

Students use scientific tools for observing, evaluating, and communicating information in science and engineering activities. They use diagrams and models to represent features of their scientific discoveries. Students learn how to describe the similarities and differences of objects and how to sort groups of objects, based on physical characteristics.

Types of Science

Earth Science

Kindergartners identify objects and patterns in the sky. They investigate the changes that occur as the day sky turns into the night sky. Students also explore the physical attributes of rocks and soils and recognize the materials that make up Earth.

Life Science

Children learn to distinguish between living and non-living things. They group animals and plants according to their observable features. Students explore the common needs among living things. They recognize how animal parents and their offspring are the same and different. They will learn how organisms and humans cause changes to the local environment.

Physical Science

Students learn to use their five senses as a basis to ask questions about the characteristics of things and to classify by physical attributes. Students investigate motion (push/pull), explore the composition of different substances, and investigate the concept of gravity.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. Students learn to interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Where We Live/Personal Finance/Civic Engagement

Kindergarten students learn about maps and globes. They learn that maps and globes show features in a smaller scale. Students use words and phrases related to chronology and time. Kindergartners learn about good citizenship. They begin their economic education talking about choices.

Our Nation

In the K–5 Social Studies program, students focus on Our Heritage, learning about Symbols of America in kindergarten. Students learn about our nation and American culture through the holidays we celebrate as a country and through diverse community and family celebrations and customs. Stories illustrate positive character traits. (See the section on Character Education to learn more about this area of emphasis.)

Fine Arts 

Students in elementary school are at a critical age to develop the creative skills that will set the foundation for successful careers. In fact, creativity is ranked as one of the top skills sought by employers. The kindergarten student is a “natural” artist and musician. Teachers encourage children’s natural enthusiasm for the fine arts.

Visual Arts

Teachers emphasize joyful exploration and discovery in the Visual Arts program. Through repetition in the elementary grades, students master art concepts. Elementary students learn the elements of art and the principles of design that are found in all artworks. Students are introduced to artists and artworks from around the world and across the centuries. As students learn about art, they will create works of their own, such as drawings, paintings, and sculptures.

Kindergarten students explore a variety of two- and three-dimensional media. They use color to indicate mood in works of art. Students create art with different subjects and themes and from personal experiences. Kindergartners recognize textures, shapes, colors, and patterns in art and nature. They use art vocabulary to express preferences when viewing artworks.

General Music

The processes of learning, creating, performing, responding to, and understanding music are the primary goals of the elementary school General Music program. Through singing, playing instruments, creating, moving to music, guided listening, and other involvement, young children discover and develop their musical abilities. Students learn to recognize and demonstrate the basic musical elements of rhythm, beat, melody, harmony, texture, tempo, dynamics, timbre, and form. Children learn to distinguish between vocal and instrumental sounds, including selected instruments such as drum, violin, piano, and guitar.

Kindergarten students participate in song stories, singing games, chants, poems, and musical dramatizations. Students learn about expressive qualities and various musical styles from different time periods and cultures. They have opportunities to develop their creative skills. 

Theatre and Dance

A number of our elementary schools offer Theatre and Dance programs.

The essentials and foundations of literacy start at an early age and theatre programs support these skills through the use of the individual and expressive voice of the student.

Dance courses support the study of music as well as movement and exercise which is imperative for young bodies and minds
to develop.

Health and Physical Education 

Health

In Health, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They also learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. Students learn to be responsible for their decisions and actions, and to understand the influence they have on others. Each year, students learn grade-appropriate lessons about emotional health, relationships, nutrition, the benefits of physical activity, substance abuse prevention, basic human anatomy, personal health, and safety.

Kindergarten students learn how to be safe and how to get help in an emergency. Lessons focus on basic practices to promote health or to prevent disease or illness. Children learn basic rules for taking medicines and what to do when they encounter unknown or dangerous substances. Kindergartners begin to see the link between food and health. They recognize emotions and the appropriate ways to express themselves. Students are able to identify family members and their roles in the family. Basic anatomy and the use of the five senses are part of the kindergarten curriculum.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes increased fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically.

In PE, students learn about physical activities that enhance their health. Students develop skills such as throwing, catching, kicking, and hitting a variety of objects. Kindergartners are able to identify personal and shared space. They use acceptable behaviors in groups. Movement and motor skills—including jumping, rolling, balancing, stopping and starting, and changing direction—are important parts of the kindergarten PE program.

What will my student learn in 1st Grade?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In 1st grade, students work on reading and writing skills that will lead to success in subsequent grade levels. Specifically, the focus is on reading with sufficient accuracy, rate, and expression to support comprehension. Students use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies classroom activities. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across the content areas. Activities include interactive read-alouds, phonics, shared reading and writing experiences, small-group reading and writing instruction, and independent reading and writing time.

By the end of 1st grade, all students are expected to:

• Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, symbols, and sounds;
• Apply grade-appropriate phonics, language, and word analysis skills in writing and reading;
• Self-select books, self-monitor to correct errors when reading and writing, and talk with and listen to peers about reading and writing to become lifelong readers and writers; and
• Use listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills to communicate throughout the day.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with many facets.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language, not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All children can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with modeled and guided instruction.
• Knowing where each child is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Children should be immersed in a print-rich environment.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by children should occur daily.
• Each day, children should have opportunities to read materials they select themselves and write on self-selected topics.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subject areas.

Speaking and Listening

1st graders listen to and write about a variety of literary forms, such as stories and poems, in fiction and non-fiction (informational) genres. These include fairy tales, fables, and biographies. They learn to listen attentively in order to ask and respond to questions and directions. Students communicate in conversation with descriptive language by relating experiences, retelling stories, and discussing character, plot, theme, facts, and details.

Reading

1st graders read and tell about stories and informational books with photographs and illustrations to retell key details in a story or identify the main topic and retell key details of an informational text. They discuss concepts of real and imaginary and compare and contrast within and between books. Students read a variety of texts for both pleasure and purpose. They are expected to read grade-level texts with accuracy and fluency in order to effectively comprehend what they read.

Language (Phonics, Spelling, Vocabulary, and Handwriting)

By the end of the year, 1st graders should be able to read and spell words with selected patterns and common high-frequency words. During the year, teachers assess students’ ability to use these words correctly in reading and writing. Students also practice clear and legible handwriting.

Writing

Students write opinion pieces, informational text, and personal stories (narrative) that contain an ending. They begin to develop a sense of their audience and write for a specific purpose. 1st graders use grade-appropriate grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in their writing. They are able to read their writing to others.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically,
and communicate effectively.

Learning in 1st grade focuses on developing number sense, understanding and using numbers through mathematical operations, geometry, measurement and data, and algebraic thinking. By the end of 1st grade, students should be able to do the following:

• Develop understanding of addition, subtraction, and strategies for addition and subtraction within 20;
• Develop understanding of whole number relationship and place value, including grouping in tens and ones;
• Develop understanding of linear measurement and
  measuring lengths;
• Tell and write time; and
• Solve problems using attributes of shapes and by putting together and taking apart shapes.

1st grade students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. They work together to solve problems. They draw pictures and make connections to the real world. Students use hands-on manipulatives, coins, clocks, and number charts. They solve word and number problems, and use problem-solving strategies
in the classroom.

Science 

Exploration in Science is nurtured in 1st grade with a hands-on approach. Students explore concepts in the earth, life, and physical sciences. They begin to experience the steps of scientific investigations. In 1st grade, students will develop scientific skills, such as observing, collecting and analyzing data, making measurements, and constructing explanations.

Science and Engineering Practices

1st graders are encouraged to ask questions about the world around them and begin to make predictions to answer those questions. Students use scientific tools to collect data and analyze results.  They will learn how to estimate length and weight of various objects. Children develop and use models that represent scientific concepts and design solutions to problems.

Types of Science

Earth Science

Students in 1st grade use weather instruments—such as a thermometer, wind vane, and barometer—to observe, measure, and analyze weather data to identify weather patterns. They explore the changes in water when it freezes and melts and how each phase relates to water temperature.

Life Science

Children compare the basic needs of plants and animals. They learn to explain the basic parts of a plant—root, stem, leaf, and flower. 1st graders compare various animals based on their physical appearance, growth, and movement. Children compare the similarities and differences between animal parents and their offspring.

Physical Science

1st graders investigate the properties of light and sound by identifying sources of light and carrying out an investigation into the role of vibrations in sound production. Children also explore the effect of magnets on various objects and demonstrate how magnets attract and repel.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. They learn the similarities and differences between nations, cultures, and peoples of the world. Students interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Where We Live/Personal Finance/Civic Engagement

1st grade students can locate their city, county, state, nation, and continent on a map. They know the major features of Earth’s surface. Students learn to interpret timelines. They are able to separate fact from opinion. 1st graders identify the main idea, detail, sequence of events, and cause and effect in a Social Studies context. They begin to study the costs and benefits of spending and saving choices.

Our Nation

In the K–5 Social Studies program, students focus on Our Heritage. In 1st grade, children learn about the contributions of American figures from our past and the positive character traits they displayed. (See the section on Character Education to learn more about this area of emphasis.)

Fine Arts 

Students in elementary school are at a critical age to develop the creative skills that will set the foundation for successful careers. In fact, creativity is ranked as one of the top skills sought by employers. The 1st grade student is a “natural” artist and musician. Teachers encourage children’s natural enthusiasm for the fine arts. 

Visual Arts

Teachers emphasize joyful exploration and discovery in the Visual Arts program. Through repetition in the elementary grades, students master art concepts. Elementary students learn the elements of art and the principles of design that are found in all artworks. Students are introduced to artists and artworks from around the world and across the centuries. As students learn about art, they will create works of their own, such as drawings, paintings, and sculptures. They use imagination in creating art.

1st grade students create works of art using balance, textures, and primary and secondary colors. They use a variety of materials and techniques in composing original art. 1st graders compare similarities, differences, themes, and mood in artworks. They distinguish between different kinds of artwork from many cultures.

General Music

The processes of learning, creating, performing, responding to, and understanding music are the primary goals of the elementary school General Music program. Through singing, playing instruments, creating, moving to music, guided listening, and other involvement, young children discover and develop their musical abilities. Students learn to recognize and demonstrate the basic musical elements of rhythm, beat, melody, harmony, texture, tempo, dynamics, timbre, and form. Children learn to distinguish between selected orchestra instruments.

1st grade students participate in musical activities that represent a variety of time periods and cultures. They accompany music with classroom instruments and body percussion. Children identify repeating and contrasting sections in music. They have opportunities to develop their creative skills. Students perform with increasing accuracy in pitch by singing songs in a limited range.

Theatre and Dance

A number of our elementary schools offer Theatre and Dance programs.

The essentials and foundations of literacy start at an early age and theatre programs support these skills through the use of the individual and expressive voice of the student.

Dance courses support the study of music as well as movement and exercise which is imperative for young bodies and minds to develop.

Health and Physical Education 

Health

In Health, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They also learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. Students learn to be responsible for their decisions and actions, and to understand the influence they have on others. Each year, students learn grade-appropriate lessons about emotional health, relationships, nutrition, the benefits of physical activity, substance abuse prevention, basic human anatomy, personal health, and safety.

1st grade students learn how to be safe and how to get help in an emergency. Lessons focus on basic practices to promote health and to prevent disease or illness. Children learn basic rules for taking medicines and vitamins. They learn what to do when they encounter unknown or dangerous substances. 1st graders understand the importance of eating healthy foods. They learn strategies for resolving a conflict. Students are able to identify family members and their roles in the family. 1st graders identify the basic internal and external structures of the body.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes increased fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically.

In PE, students learn about physical activities that enhance their health. Students develop skills such as throwing, catching, and striking a variety of objects with a body part and with other equipment. 1st graders learn to move in a variety of patterns and directions at different levels, practicing balance and weight transfer. They develop awareness of personal space, practice fitness assessments, and set goals.

What will my student learn in 2nd Grade?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In 2nd grade, students work on reading and writing skills that will lead to success in subsequent grade levels. Specifically, the focus is on reading with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. Students use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies classroom activities. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across the content areas. Activities include interactive read-alouds, phonics, shared reading and writing experiences, small-group reading and writing instruction, and independent reading and writing time.

By the end of 2nd grade, all students are expected to:

• Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words;
• Apply grade-appropriate language and word study skills in writing;
• Self-select books, self-monitor to correct errors when reading and writing, and talk with and listen to peers about reading and writing to become lifelong readers and writers; and
• Use listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills to communicate throughout the day.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with
  many facets.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language,
  not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All children can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with modeled and guided instruction.
• Knowing where each child is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Children should be immersed in a print-rich environment.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by children should
  occur daily.
• Each day, children should have opportunities to read fiction and non-fiction materials they select themselves and write on self-selected topics.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subject areas.

Speaking and Listening

2nd graders listen to and write about a variety of literary forms, such as stories and poems, in fiction and informational (non-fiction) genres. These include poetry, fables, folktales, biographies, and reports. They learn to listen attentively in order to ask and respond to questions and directions. Students communicate in conversation with descriptive language by asking and answering questions—such as who, what, when, where, why, and how—to show understanding. They discuss various texts to determine a central message, lesson, or moral. They also read informational text to identify the main topic of a multi-paragraph text.

Reading

2nd graders read texts with photographs and illustrations to summarize, compare and contrast, evaluate, and develop inferences based on what they read. Students read a variety of texts for both pleasure and purpose. They distinguish between literature and informational text. 2nd graders read and discuss their own writings in conversations with adults and peers. They are expected to read grade-level texts with accuracy and fluency in order to effectively comprehend what they read.

Language (Phonics, Spelling, Vocabulary, and Handwriting)

By the end of the year, 2nd graders should be able to read and spell words with selected patterns and common high-frequency words. During the year, teachers assess students’ ability to use these words correctly in reading and writing. Students also practice clear and legible handwriting.

Writing

Students write opinion pieces to connect opinions and reasons and write informational pieces to explain with facts and definitions. They write personal stories (narratives) in which they recount a well-elaborated event or short sequence of events. They are continuing to develop a sense of their audience and their own voice. 2nd graders are learning to write for a specific purpose. Students use grade-appropriate grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in their writing. They are able to share their writing with others.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically, and communicate effectively.

Learning in 2nd grade focuses on developing number sense, understanding and using numbers through mathematical operations, geometry, measurement and data, and algebraic thinking. By the end of 2nd grade, students should be able to do the following:

• Extend understanding of base ten notation;
• Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction within 100;
• Build fluency with addition and subtraction;
• Work with equal groups to gain foundations for multiplication;
• Measure and estimate lengths in standard units;
• Describe and analyze two-dimensional shapes and their attributes; and
• Work with time and money.

2nd grade students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. Students work together in solving problems. They use hands-on manipulatives and technology. Students use data, graphs, symbols, charts, rulers, and problem-solving strategies.

Science 

In 2nd grade, children investigate the world around them and learn to ask questions and construct explanations about their observations. Through inquiry-based exploration, students learn content in the earth, life, and physical sciences. They use scientific tools to collect data and begin to practice proper processes and lab techniques used in the study of science.

Science and Engineering Practices

Students in 2nd grade recognize the value in repeating steps in a scientific investigation and begin to conduct multiple trials of experiments to collect data. Children explore the multiple parts that make up a larger object and plan and carry out investigations into science concepts. They discuss the life cycles of plants and animals.

Types of Science

Earth Science

nd graders describe the universe—the moon, sun, planets, and stars. They discuss the physical attributes of objects in the sky. Students investigate the position of the sun and moon at various times of the year. They recognize how the lengths of day and night change as the seasons change. Students learn about the changes that take place to Earth’s surfaces.

Life Science

Children investigate the life cycles of different organisms and illustrate the life cycle of common animals. Students relate seasonal changes to observations of how trees change during the school year.

Physical Science

Children explore properties of matter and the changes that matter undergo. Students learn to sort samples based on their state of matter at room temperature. They learn how to observe the physical properties of matter. 2nd graders identify sources of energy and how energy is used in the world. Children explore speed and changes of speed as a result of force acting on an object.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. They learn the similarities and differences between nations, cultures, and peoples of the world. Students interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Where We Live/Personal Finance/Civic Engagement

2nd grade students use grid, scale, and key/legend in identifying features and using maps. They locate topographical features of Georgia on a map. Students construct charts and tables and analyze artifacts. They use primary and secondary sources of information. 2nd graders learn about allocation of goods and services.

Our Nation

In the K–5 Social Studies program, students focus on Our Heritage, learning about Georgia in 2nd grade. Students learn about the state’s beginnings and the history of native Georgians of the Creek and Cherokee cultures. Children learn about leaders in government, rules and laws, and the role of elected officials. Lessons about the Civil Rights and Human Rights movements illustrate positive character traits. (See the section on Character Education to learn more about this area of emphasis.)

Fine Arts 

Students in elementary school are at a critical age to develop the creative skills that will set the foundation for successful careers. In fact, creativity is ranked as one of the top skills sought by employers. The 2nd grade student is a “natural” artist and musician. Teachers encourage children’s natural enthusiasm for the fine arts.

Visual Arts

Teachers emphasize joyful exploration and discovery in the Visual Arts program. Through repetition in the elementary grades, students master art concepts. Elementary students learn the elements of art and the principles of design that are found in all artworks. Students are introduced to artists and artworks from around the world and across the centuries. As students learn about art, they will create works of their own, such as drawings, paintings, and sculptures. They use imagination in creating art.

2nd grade students create works of art using balance, texture, and primary and secondary colors. They use a variety of materials and techniques in composing original art. 2nd graders compare similarities, differences, themes, and mood in artworks. They distinguish between different kinds of artwork from many cultures.

General Music

The processes of learning, creating, performing, responding to, and understanding music are the primary goals of the elementary school General Music program. Through singing, playing instruments, creating, moving to music, guided listening, and other involvement, young children discover and develop their musical abilities. Students learn to recognize and demonstrate the basic musical elements of rhythm, beat, melody, harmony, texture, tempo, dynamics, timbre, and form. Children learn to distinguish between selected orchestra instruments.

2nd grade students participate in musical activities that represent a variety of time periods and cultures. They accompany music with classroom instruments and body percussion. Children identify repeating and contrasting sections in music. They have opportunities to develop their creative skills. Students perform with increasing accuracy in pitch by singing songs in a limited range.

Theatre and Dance

A number of our elementary schools offer Theatre and Dance programs.

The essentials and foundations of literacy start at an early age and theatre programs support these skills through the use of the individual and expressive voice of the student.

Dance courses support the study of music as well as movement and exercise which is imperative for young bodies and minds to develop.

Health and Physical Education 

Health

In Health, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They also learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. Students learn to be responsible for their decisions and actions, and to understand the influence they have on others. Each year, students learn grade-appropriate lessons about emotional health, relationships, nutrition, the benefits of physical activity, substance abuse prevention, basic human anatomy, personal health, and safety.

2nd grade students learn what to do in an emergency. They learn to prevent injuries related to unsafe situations. Children recognize unhealthy situations and how to choose health behaviors and nutrition practices that promote good health. They learn about maintaining healthy respiratory and circulatory systems and preventing illness. 2nd graders recognize the harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use and abuse. Students explore coping strategies in family life. The integumentary system (skin, hair, nails, and glands) and dental structures are part of the 2nd grade curriculum.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes increased fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically.

In PE, students learn about physical activities that enhance their health. Students develop skills such as throwing, catching, and striking a variety of objects with a body part and with other equipment. 2nd graders learn to move in a variety of patterns and directions at different levels, practicing balance and weight transfer. They develop awareness of personal space, practice fitness assessments, and set goals.

What will my student learn in 3rd Grade?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In 3rd grade, students work on reading and writing skills that will lead to success in subsequent grade levels. Specifically, the focus is on reading with sufficient accuracy, rate, and expression to support comprehension of fiction and informational (non-fiction) texts. Students use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies classroom activities. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across the content areas. Activities include word study, shared reading and writing experiences, small-group reading and writing instruction, and independent reading and writing time.

By the end of 3rd grade, all students are expected to:

• Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words;
• Apply grade-appropriate language skills in writing;
• Self-select books, self-monitor to correct errors when reading and writing, and talk with and listen to peers about reading and writing to become lifelong readers and writers; and
• Use listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills to communicate throughout the day.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with many facets.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language, not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All children can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with guided instruction.
• Knowing where each child is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Children should be immersed in a print-rich environment.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by children should occur daily.
• Each day, children should have opportunities to read fiction and informational materials they select themselves and write on self-selected topics.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subject areas.

Speaking and Listening

3rd graders listen to and write about a variety of literary forms, such as stories and poems, in fiction and non-fiction (informational) genres. These include dramas, biographies, reports, and media. They learn to listen attentively in order to ask and respond to questions and directions. Children communicate in conversation with descriptive language by relating experiences and retelling stories, using details found in the text. 3rd graders discuss various literary and informational elements, such as character, point of view, moral, compare and contrast, and main idea and key details.

Reading

3rd graders read a variety of fiction and informational texts for both pleasure and purpose. They use a variety of strategies for support when they encounter difficult texts. Strategies include retelling, summarizing/paraphrasing, and using evidence from the text to support their inferences. Students make and defend opinions about a text. 3rd graders are expected to read grade-level texts with accuracy and fluency in order to effectively comprehend what they read.

Language (Phonics, Spelling, Vocabulary, and Handwriting)

By the end of the year, students should be able to read and spell words with selected patterns and common high-frequency words. During the year, teachers assess students’ ability to use these words correctly in reading and writing. Students also practice clear and legible cursive.

Writing

At this grade level, students write opinion pieces on topics or texts that support a point of view and write informational and opinion pieces to examine a topic and share information clearly. They write narrative stories to develop real or imagined experiences. 3rd graders use the elements of writing style—audience awareness, voice, and rich, descriptive language—to make their writing interesting and informative. They use grade-appropriate grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in their writing. Students revise and edit their own work.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically, and communicate effectively.

Learning in 3rd grade focuses on developing number sense, understanding and using numbers through mathematical operations, fractions, geometry, measurement and data, and algebraic thinking. By the end of 3rd grade, students should be able to do the following:

• Represent and solve problems with multiplication and division within 100;
• Solve two-step problems involving the four operations, and identify and explain patterns in arithmetic;
• Develop understanding of fractions as numbers, especially unit fractions (fractions with numerator 1);
• Develop understanding of area models and area, and relate area to multiplication and to addition;
• Describe and analyze two-dimensional shapes and their attributes; and
• Solve problems involving measurement and estimation of liquid volume, mass, and time intervals.

3rd grade students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. They use a variety of representations to demonstrate their knowledge, such as concrete/pictorial, verbal/written, and numeric/data-based. Students use base ten pieces, rulers, and charts. They use technology, data, graphs, and problem-solving strategies.

Science 

In 3rd grade, students begin to develop an understanding of science and engineering practices. Through exploration and inquiry, students ask questions, make predictions, and construct explanations. They develop their understanding of the earth, life, and physical sciences. Students use scientific tools to experience science in these content areas.

Science and Engineering Practices

3rd graders learn to record their observations, create charts and graphs, and develop explanations for their results. Children use scientific tools to measure and develop sketches and models to represent complex or abstract concepts. They are trained in safe practices and learn to recognize the need for careful work in science investigations.

Types of Science

Earth Science

Students in 3rd grade investigate physical attributes of rocks and soils through asking questions and making observations. Children classify rocks by their physical properties. They learn the role of weathering in the condition of rocks and soil over time. 3rd graders investigate fossils and explain how they are formed and uncovered.

Life Science

3rd grade students study Georgia habitats. They explore what happens to organisms when habitats change and identify features that allow animals and plants to live and thrive within their habitats. Children explain the effects of pollution and ways to protect the environment through conservation.

Physical Science

Students learn to use their five senses to observe characteristics of objects and to classify by physical attributes. 3rd graders investigate heat energy and measuring temperature.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. They learn the similarities and differences between nations, cultures, and peoples of the world. Students interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Where We Live/Personal Finance/Civic Engagement

3rd grade students can explain the impact of geography on events. They learn to use longitude and latitude to determine location. Students can draw conclusions and generalizations, based on maps. 3rd graders understand productive resources. They learn how the government uses taxes to provide some goods and services in a market economy.

Our Nation

In the K–5 Social Studies program, students focus on Our Heritage. 3rd grade students begin their study of our American Heritage, with a focus on American Indians, exploration, and Colonial America. Students learn about the three branches of government at the state and federal levels. (See the section on Character Education to learn more about this area of emphasis.)

Fine Arts 

Students in elementary school are at a critical age to develop the creative skills that will set the foundation for successful careers. In fact, creativity is ranked as one of the top skills sought by employers.

Visual Arts

In grades 3–5, Visual Arts students sharpen observational skills and increase technical skills. Through repetition in the elementary grades, students master art concepts. They distinguish differences between artworks from around the world and across the centuries. Children study the movements of Realism, Expressionism, and Structuralism in art history.

3rd graders use a broader range of subject matter and media. As students learn about art, they create works of their own. They make drawings, paintings, sculptures, prints, pottery, fiber art, mixed media, and digital images. Students explore color, form, value changes, contrast, design, composition, and texture in their work. They use technology to create art.

General Music

The General Music program for grades 3–5 creates a foundation for further music study in middle school. Students experience a variety of music styles through listening, moving, creating, singing, and playing instruments. Discussion and reflection support their musical understanding.

Students learn to perform harmonies through rounds, echo songs, and partner songs. They perform alone and in groups. Children create simple compositions and accompaniments. They create movements for musical dramatizations and interpretations.

3rd graders are exposed to music of diverse cultures and time periods. They identify master composers and compositions. Children explore the difference between music in major and minor keys and differences in vocal register. Students learn how musical elements, such as melody and rhythm, contribute to the character of a composition. They identify families of musical instruments by sound and sight. 3rd graders begin to learn how to read music, including notation, scales, and musical symbols.

Theatre and Dance

A number of our elementary schools offer Theatre and Dance programs.

The essentials and foundations of literacy start at an early age and theatre programs support these skills through the use
of the individual and expressive voice of the student.

Dance courses support the study of music as well as movement and exercise which is imperative for young bodies and minds to develop.

Health and Physical Education 

Health

In Health, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They also learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. Students learn to be responsible for their decisions and actions, and to understand the influence they have on others. Each year, students learn grade-appropriate lessons about emotional health, relationships, nutrition, the benefits of physical activity, substance abuse prevention, basic human anatomy, personal health, and safety.

3rd grade students understand how to report and treat common emergencies. They analyze how personal decisions and actions can affect the chance for injury. Lessons focus on proper hygiene to promote health and prevent illness. Children develop a basic understanding of circulatory and respiratory systems and illnesses. They develop an understanding of taking responsibility for health choices. Students assess the consequences of using drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. 3rd graders identify healthy expression of emotions. They learn how conflicts are resolved within the family.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes increased fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically.

In PE, students learn about physical activities that enhance their health. Students develop skills such as throwing, catching, and striking a variety of objects with a body part and with other equipment. 3rd graders learn to move in a variety of patterns and directions at different levels, practicing balance and weight transfer. They develop awareness of personal space, practice fitness assessments, and set goals.  

What will my student learn in 4th Grade?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In 4th grade, students work on reading and writing skills that will lead to success in subsequent grade levels. Specifically, the focus is on reading with sufficient accuracy, rate, and expression to support comprehension of fiction and informational (non-fiction) texts. Students use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies classroom activities. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across the content areas. Activities include word study, shared reading and writing experiences, small-group reading and writing instruction, and independent reading and writing time.

By the end of 4th grade, all students are expected to:

• Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words;
• Apply grade-appropriate language skills in writing;
• Self-select books, self-monitor to correct errors when reading and writing, and talk with and listen to peers about reading and writing to become lifelong readers and writers; and
• Use listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills to communicate throughout the day.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with many facets.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language, not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All children can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with guided instruction.
• Knowing where each child is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Children should be immersed in a print-rich environment.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by children should occur daily.
• Each day, children should have opportunities to read fiction and informational materials they select themselves and write on self-selected topics.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subject areas.

Speaking and Listening

4th graders listen to and write about a variety of literary forms, such as stories, dramas, and poems, in fiction and non-fiction (informational) genres. These include folk tales, myths, biographies, and reports. They learn to refer to details and examples in the text when explaining. Students communicate in conversation by engaging in discussions with peers. They analyze various literary and informational elements, such as character, setting, point of view, theme, compare/contrast, and main idea and key details.

Reading

4th graders read and analyze a variety of both literary and informational texts. These include legends, folktales, fables, biographies, technical articles and texts, and reports. Students relate themes in what they read to personal experience and make well-developed connections. 4th graders are expected to read grade-level texts with accuracy and fluency in order to effectively comprehend what they read.

Language (Phonics, Spelling, Vocabulary, and Handwriting)

By the end of the year, students should be able to read and spell words with selected patterns and common high-frequency words. During the year, teachers assess students’ ability to use these words correctly in reading and writing. Students also practice clear and legible cursive.

Writing

At this grade level, students write opinion pieces on topics or texts that support a point of view and write informational and opinion pieces to examine a topic and share information clearly. They write narrative stories to develop real or imagined experiences. 4th graders use the elements of writing style—audience awareness, voice, and rich, descriptive language—to make their writing interesting and informative. They use grade-appropriate grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in their writing. Students revise and edit their own work.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically, and communicate effectively.

Learning in 4th grade focuses on developing number sense, understanding and using numbers through mathematical operations, fractions, geometry, measurement and data, and algebraic thinking. By the end of 4th grade, students should be able to do the following:

• Use place-value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic;
• Solve problems using the four operations with whole numbers;
• Develop understanding of equivalent fractions, addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators, and multiplication of fractions by whole numbers;
• Analyze and classify geometric figures based on properties such as parallel sides, perpendicular sides, symmetry, and angle measure;
• Generate and analyze patterns; and
• Solve problems involving measurement and conversion of measurements from a larger unit to a smaller unit.

4th grade students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. They use a variety of representations to demonstrate their knowledge, such as concrete/pictorial, verbal/written, and numeric/data-based. Students use graphs, scales, and fractional models. They use technology, data, and problem-solving strategies.

Science 

4th grade students explore earth, life, and physical science through a hands-on, inquiry approach. Students begin to construct arguments to scientific investigations based on experimental results. They continue to organize their data in tables, charts, and graphs. Students recognize the role of inferences and predictions in scientific investigations. They use data and evidence to support their conclusions.

Science and Engineering Practices

Organizing data and distinguishing the relationships between measured variables is an important inquiry skill in 4th grade. Students use scientific tools to make measurements. They learn to write instructions that can be followed in a scientific procedure. Children develop models to aid in the explanation of scientific observations.

Types of Science

Earth Science

4th graders study components of our solar system. They compare Earth to other planets. Students study constellations and star patterns during the seasons. 4th graders explain the day and night cycle and study the position and sequence of moon phases. They collect data to predict weather events and seasonal changes.

Life Science

4th graders study ecosystems in life science. They construct food chains to identify producers, consumers, and decomposers in a system. Students explore factors that affect the survival or extinction of organisms.

Physical Science

Students investigate the behavior of light using mirrors, lenses, and prisms. 4th graders explore how sound is produced and the ways sound travels through solids, liquids, and gases. Students demonstrate the relationship between force and motion. They will identify the role of simple machines in making work easier.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. They learn the similarities and differences between nations, cultures, and peoples of the world. Students interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Where We Live/Personal Finance/Civic Engagement

4th graders extend their understanding of maps and the impact of geography on historical and current events. Students formulate appropriate research questions. They interpret political cartoons. Students identify elements of a personal budget and explain the importance of personal spending and savings decisions.

Our Nation

In the K–5 Social Studies program, students focus on Our Heritage, studying the history and geography of the U.S. in 4th grade. The focus is on the American Revolution, the Founding Documents of the United States, westward expansion, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Stories about the reform movements illustrate positive character traits. (See the section on Character Education to learn more about this area of emphasis.)

Fine Arts 

Students in elementary school are at a critical age to develop the creative skills that will set the foundation for successful careers. In fact, creativity is ranked as one of the top skills sought by employers. Achievement in both Visual Arts and Music is assessed in 4th grade. Talk to your child about his or her fine arts vocabulary and accomplishments.

Visual Arts

In grades 3–5, Visual Arts students sharpen observational skills and increase technical skills. Through repetition in the elementary grades, students master art concepts. They distinguish differences between artworks from around the world and across the centuries. Children study the movements of Realism, Expressionism, and Structuralism in art history.

4th graders use a broader range of subject matter and media. As students learn about art, they create works of their own. They make drawings, paintings, sculptures, prints, pottery, fiber art, mixed media, and digital images. Students explore color, form, value changes, contrast, design, composition, and texture in their work. They use technology to create art.

General Music

The General Music program for grades 3–5 creates a foundation for further music study in middle school. Students experience a variety of music styles through listening, moving, creating, singing, and playing instruments. Discussion and reflection support their musical understanding.

Students learn to perform harmonies through rounds, echo songs, and partner songs. They perform alone and in groups. Children create simple compositions and accompaniments. They create movements for musical dramatizations and interpretations.

4th graders are exposed to music of diverse cultures and time periods. They identify master composers and compositions. Children explore the difference between music in major and minor keys and differences in vocal registers. Students learn how musical elements, such as melody and rhythm, contribute to the character of a composition. They identify families of musical instruments by sound and sight. 4th graders learn how to read music, including notation, scales, and musical symbols.

Theatre and Dance

A number of our elementary schools offer Theatre and Dance programs.

The essentials and foundations of literacy start at an early age and theatre programs support these skills through the use of the individual and expressive voice of the student.

Dance courses support the study of music as well as movement and exercise which is imperative for young bodies and minds to develop.

Health and Physical Education 

Health

In Health, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They also learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. Students learn to be responsible for their decisions and actions, and to understand the influence they have on others. Each year, students learn grade-appropriate lessons about emotional health, relationships, nutrition, the benefits of physical activity, substance abuse prevention, basic human anatomy, personal health, and safety.

4th grade students understand first aid procedures for emergencies involving bleeding. Lessons focus on the impact of rest, food choices, sleep, and recreation on overall health. Students learn how to develop personal goals to stay healthy. They learn about the role of digestion. Students recognize how to prevent a variety of diseases and illnesses. 4th graders can explain the effects of drugs and tobacco. They understand the appropriate use of over-the-counter drugs. Students identify ways to resolve conflict without fighting. They understand the importance of care, consideration, and respect for oneself and others. 4th graders develop a general understanding of physical and emotional changes during puberty.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes increased fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically.

In PE, students learn about physical activities that enhance their health. Students develop skills such as throwing, catching, and striking a variety of objects with a body part and with other equipment, individually and in game-like situations. 4th graders combine movements in a variety of sequences and patterns. They participate in fitness assessments and goal-setting. Parents will receive a fitness assessment report on their child at the end of the school year.

What will my student learn in 5th Grade?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In 5th grade, students work on reading and writing skills that will lead to success in subsequent grade levels. Specifically, the focus is on reading with sufficient accuracy, rate, and expression to support comprehension of fiction and informational (non-fiction) texts. Students use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies classroom activities. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across the content areas. Activities include word study, shared reading and writing experiences, small-group reading and writing instruction, and independent reading and writing time.

By the end of 5th grade, all students are expected to:

• Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words;
• Apply grade-appropriate language skills in writing;
• Self-select books, self-monitor to correct errors when reading and writing, and talk with and listen to peers about reading and writing to become lifelong readers and writers; and
• Use listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills to communicate throughout the day.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with many facets.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language, not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All children can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with guided instruction.
• Knowing where each child is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Children should be immersed in a print-rich environment.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by children should occur daily.
• Each day, children should have opportunities to read fiction and informational materials they select themselves and write on self-selected topics.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subject areas.

Speaking and Listening

5th graders listen to and write about a variety of literary forms, such as stories and poems, in fiction and non-fiction (informational) genres. These include legends, drama, biographies, technical texts, and media. They learn to refer to details and examples in the text. They communicate in conversation by engaging in discussions with peers. Students analyze various literary and informational elements, such as character, setting, plot, compare/contrast, theme, cause/effect, and main idea and key details.

Reading

5th graders read and analyze a variety of both literary and informational texts. These include drama, poetry, myth, and non-fiction texts. Students relate themes in what they read to personal experience. They make well-developed connections and analyze authors’ use of various elements of writing for effect and purpose. 5th graders are expected to read grade-level texts with accuracy and fluency in order to effectively comprehend what they read.

Language (Phonics, Spelling, Vocabulary, and Handwriting)

By the end of the year, students should be able to read and spell words with selected patterns and common high-frequency words. During the year, teachers assess students’ ability to use these words correctly in reading and writing. Students also practice clear and legible cursive.

Writing

At this grade level, students write opinion pieces on topics or texts that support a point of view and write informational and opinion pieces to examine a topic and share information clearly. They write narrative stories to develop real or imagined experiences. 5th graders use the elements of writing style—audience awareness, voice, and rich, descriptive language—to make their writing interesting and informative. They use grade-appropriate grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in their writing. Students revise and edit their own work.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically, and communicate effectively.

Learning in 5th grade focuses on developing number sense, understanding and using numbers through mathematical operations, fractions, geometry, measurement and data, and algebraic thinking. By the end of 5th grade, students should be able to do the following:

• Apply the four operations to decimals to hundredths;
• Extend division to two-digit divisors;
• Develop fluency with addition and subtraction of fractions;
• Apply multiplication and division understanding to fractions;
• Understand concepts of volume and relate volume to multiplication and to addition;
• Convert like measurements within a given measurement system; and
• Graph points on a coordinate plane to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

5th grade students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. They use a variety of representations to demonstrate their knowledge, such as concrete/pictorial, verbal/written, and numeric/data-based. Students use fraction models, cubes, and rulers. They use technology, data, and problem-solving strategies.

Science 

5th grade students study earth, life, and physical science through inquiry and investigation. Students design and conduct experiments using the scientific method. They formulate conclusions based on their results. Students demonstrate the relationships discovered in their experiments through graphs and charts. They explore jobs in science.

Science and Engineering Practices

5th graders use scientific equipment to make observations and measurements while conducting experiments. They recognize which equipment to use for a specific measurement. Students understand the importance of metric measurements in science. They practice safety in the science lab and use scientific tools.

Types of Science

Earth Science

5th graders analyze Earth’s surface and explain how features are caused by constructive and destructive processes. Students explain the role of technology—for instance, dams, levees, and storm drain management—in the control of these processes.

Life Science

Students classify organisms to simplify the study of living things. They sort animals and plants into groups, based on external features. Students study beneficial and harmful microorganisms. They identify the cell as the building block of living organisms. 5th graders use microscopes to observe cell structure. Students compare and contrast learned behaviors and inherited traits.

Physical Science

5th graders distinguish between physical and chemical changes. They investigate the properties of substances before, during, and after a change. Students investigate electricity, magnetism and circuits.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. They learn the similarities and differences between nations, cultures, and peoples of the world. Students interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Where We Live/Personal Finance/Civic Engagement

5th grade students draw conclusions and make generalizations in comparing information on maps. They review information critically, checking for consistency and relevancy. Students learn about basic economic concepts. They focus on events in the U.S. economy throughout history.

Our Nation

In the K–5 Social Studies program, students focus on Our Heritage, studying the history and geography of the U.S. in 5th grade. Students focus on key events, people, and places of the United States—including American inventors, westward settlement, World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, the Cold War, and America since 1975. 5th graders study causes and consequences of wars and key economic developments. They focus on citizens’ rights and responsibilities and the importance of being good citizens. (See the section on Character Education to learn more about this area of emphasis.)

Fine Arts 

Students in elementary school are at a critical age to develop the creative skills that will set the foundation for successful careers. In fact, creativity is ranked as one of the top skills sought by employers.

Visual Arts

In grades 3–5, Visual Arts students sharpen observational skills and increase technical skills. Through repetition in the elementary grades, students master art concepts. They distinguish differences between artworks from around the world and across the centuries. Children study the movements of Realism, Expressionism, and Structuralism in art history. Students explore art careers. They interpret and analyze works of art.

5th graders use a broader range of subject matter and media. As students learn about art, they create works of their own. They make drawings, paintings, sculptures, prints, pottery, fiber art, mixed media, and digital images. Students explore color, texture, value changes, contrast, and contour. They focus on design, composition, and form in their work. They use technology to create art. .

General Music

The General Music program for grades 3–5 creates a foundation for further music study in middle school. Students experience a variety of music styles through listening, moving, creating, singing, and playing instruments. Discussion and reflection support their musical understanding.

Students learn to perform harmonies through rounds, echo songs, and partner songs. They perform alone and in groups. Children create simple compositions and accompaniments. They create movements for musical dramatizations and interpretations.

5th graders are exposed to music of diverse cultures and time periods. They explore careers in music. Children demonstrate melodic direction. They recognize phrases and structures in musical form. Students explore differences in register and tone quality. They demonstrate expressive qualities of music. Students identify families of musical instruments by sound and sight.

5th graders learn how to read music, including standard notation, scales, and musical symbols.

Theatre and Dance

A number of our elementary schools offer Theatre and Dance programs.

The essentials and foundations of literacy start at an early age and theatre programs support these skills through the use of the individual and expressive voice of the student.

Dance courses support the study of music as well as movement and exercise which is imperative for young bodies and minds to develop.

Health and Physical Education 

Health

In Health, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They also learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. Students learn to be responsible for their decisions and actions, and to understand the influence they have on others. Each year, students learn grade-appropriate lessons about emotional health, relationships, nutrition, the benefits of physical activity, substance abuse prevention, basic human anatomy, personal health, and safety.

5th grade students know first aid for a variety of emergencies. Lessons focus on risk factors and choices that might cause or prevent health problems. Students identify refusal skills needed to resist peer pressure. They understand the effects and consequences of substance abuse. Children understand how to read food labels to make healthy choices. They identify ways to manage stress. Students develop a better understanding of the physical and emotional changes during puberty. The immune and endocrine systems and reproductive anatomy are part of the 5th grade curriculum.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes increased fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically.

In PE, students learn about physical activities that enhance their health. Students develop skills such as throwing, catching, and striking a variety of objects with a body part and with other equipment, individually and in game-like situations. 5th graders combine movements in a variety of sequences and patterns. They participate in fitness assessments and goal-setting. Parents will receive a fitness assessment report on their child at the end of the school year.

What will my student learn in 6th Grade?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In 6th grade, students work on reading and writing skills that will support them in learning all subjects. Students focus on skills for reading comprehension, including monitoring for comprehension, activating and connecting to prior knowledge, asking questions, inferring and visualizing, determining importance, and summarizing and synthesizing. 6th graders use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of activities in all classrooms. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across content areas, including technical subjects.

By the end of 6th grade, all students are expected to:

• Use words, patterns in words, and word meanings to read fluently and comprehend effectively in all texts and activities;
• Apply grade-appropriate language skills in writing;
• Self-monitor to correct errors when reading and writing, and talk with and listen to peers about one’s reading and writing to become lifelong readers and writers; and
• Use reading and writing to communicate through listening, speaking, and viewing.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with many facets.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subjects—Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and Connections classes.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language in all aspects of learning and real-world experiences, not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of teaching strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All students can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with guided instruction.
• Knowing where each student is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Students should be immersed in a literacy-rich environment in every subject area.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by students should occur daily, regardless of their ages or grade levels.
• Each day, students should have opportunities to read and write in a variety of genres.

Speaking and Listening

6th graders read and write to communicate through a variety of forms, including interactions with peers and adults. They work to become critical readers and viewers of media resources. Students have a variety of learning experiences, including group work, presentations, and multimedia viewing, in order to prepare them as competent communicators.

Reading

6th graders read and analyze a variety of both literary and informational texts. These include drama, poetry, and non-fiction texts. Students relate themes in what they read to personal experience. They make well-developed connections and analyze authors’ use of various elements of writing for effect and purpose. 6th graders are expected to read grade-level texts with accuracy and fluency in order to effectively comprehend what they read.

Language (Grammar, Spelling, and Vocabulary)

By the end of the year, students should demonstrate a command of Standard English in reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Students should be able to determine the meanings of words based on the context provided. Students should understand and be able to apply grade-appropriate, academic vocabulary.

Writing

At this grade level, students write narrative, informational, and argumentative pieces with well-defined ideas and organizational structures. 6th graders use the elements of writing style—audience awareness, voice, and rich, descriptive language—to make their writing interesting and informative. They use grade-appropriate grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in their writing. Students revise and edit their own work.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically, and communicate effectively.

Learning in 6th grade focuses on developing an understanding of the number system, ratio and proportional relationships, geometry, statistics and probability, and expressions and equations. By the end of 6th grade, students should be able to do the following:

• Apply and extend previous understanding of numbers to include the system of rational numbers;
• Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems;
• Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities;
• Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables;
• Apply and extend previous understanding of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions;
• Summarize and describe distributions;
• Develop understanding of statistical variability; and
• Solve real-world problems involving area, surface area, and volume.

6th grade students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. They use a variety of representations to demonstrate their knowledge—concrete/pictorial, verbal/written, numeric/data-based, graphical, and symbolic. Students use technology, analyze data, and apply graphs to solve problems.

Science 

Exploration in Earth science is nurtured through a hands-on approach in 6th grade. Students explore concepts in the many branches of Earth science. They develop their lab experience using the steps of the scientific method. Students further develop scientific skills—observing, collecting and analyzing data, making measurements, and making conclusions.

Science and Engineering Practices

6th graders use scientific-process skills. Students ask questions, analyze and interpret data, and communicate their explanations.They revise investigations based on their findings. The lab experience in 6th grade emphasizes safe practice. Students learn the value of scientific research in developing scientific theory.

Types of Science

Astronomy

Students in 6th grade study the effects of the relative position of the sun, Earth, and the moon. They explore the composition of our solar system. Students identify and classify stars and star systems. 6th graders analyze current scientific views about the formation of the universe. They discuss how those views developed.

Hydrology and Meteorology

6th graders analyze the role of water in Earth processes—atmospheric conditions; river systems; water distribution; and waves, currents, and tides. They explore how the distribution of land and oceans affects climate and weather. They interpret weather maps, analyze data, investigate types of weather phenomena, and understand weather prediction.

Geology, Paleontology, and Ecology

Students investigate the composition and formation of Earth’s surface and gradual changes over time. 6th graders study Earth’s geological history. They use models of fossils to investigate the history of changing life forms.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. They learn the similarities and differences between nations, cultures, and peoples of the world. Students interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Interpretive Skills/Where We Live/Personal Finance

6th grade students draw conclusions and make generalizations in comparing information on maps. They review information critically, checking for consistency and relevancy. Students analyze graphs and diagrams. 6th graders explain personal money management choices.

Our Global Society

Middle school students examine challenges in a global society. 6th graders study contemporary and traditional issues affecting Europe, Canada, Latin America, and Australia. Students look at early civilizations and major developments in the regions studied. They compare and contrast governments, economic systems, and cultural characteristics. Students explain how location, climate, resources, population, and other characteristics make an impact on a region’s development.

Health and Physical Education Connections 

Each year, middle school students are encouraged to take one semester of Health and one semester of Physical Education as Connections classes.

Health

In Health classes, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. At a grade-appropriate level, students explore these issues—relationships with others, drug use and misuse, personal and community safety, internet safety, nutrition, disease prevention, family interactions, the influence of peer groups, anatomy, and physiology. Students develop tools needed to make healthy choices when facing the difficult decisions of a maturing adolescent.

6th graders set personal health goals and understand hygiene issues associated with puberty. Students learn prevention, detection, and control of noninfectious diseases. They analyze the physical effects of tobacco, marijuana, and inhalants on a variety of body systems. Students also examine media influence, local school policies, and laws related to these drugs. 6th graders analyze barriers to healthy eating and explore healthy choices. They demonstrate conflict-resolution skills. Students assess risk factors and explore responsible decision-making. They also recognize the relationship between sexual activity and peer pressure. Students learn about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and identify ways to prevent STDs and pregnancy. The reproductive and endocrine systems and the process of reproduction are part of the 6th grade curriculum.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically. They understand physical and anatomical changes during the formative years.

In PE, 6th grade students learn fitness concepts and participate in fitness assessments. Each student’s fitness assessment report will be distributed to his or her parents during the school year, depending on the student’s schedule. 6th grade students learn how physical activities enhance their health. Students develop movement and motor skills, such as throwing, catching, kicking, and hitting a variety of objects. They practice conditioning principles to enhance performance. Students learn offensive and defensive strategies and cooperation through a variety of activities.

Fine Arts, Academic, and Career and Technical Connections 

Through the Connections Program, middle school students explore areas of study outside the core academic areas. Each quarter, students take two Connections classes. Options vary from school to school, but generally fall into three areas—fine arts, academic, and career/technical. Schools also may offer enrichment classes that extend learning in a core area, such as Language Arts or Mathematics, or classes that enhance study skills. Following are general descriptions of some Connections classes. Talk to your child’s school to learn more about available programs.

Music

Students have many and varied opportunities to experience Music at the middle school level. They may choose to participate in Band, Chorus, General Music, Guitar, Piano, Music Technology, or Orchestra. Music instruction builds on prior knowledge and skills from previous grade levels. Content, instruction, student performance, and evaluation methods become increasingly sophisticated at each grade or skill level. Students learn through performing. Middle school musicians learn to respond to and critique music. They understand music in relation to history and culture. Students demonstrate expressive and technical skills in vocal or instrumental performance. They improvise, compose, and arrange music. The middle school Music program prepares students for Music studies in high school.

Visual Arts

The middle school Visual Arts program addresses the diverse abilities, experiences, and exposure that students bring to the classroom. The program offers experiences in the arts that promote creativity as well as problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. In class, students create artwork in various media with numerous techniques. They use the elements and principles of art in their work. Students have opportunities to exhibit their work. Research shows that experience in the Visual Arts improves Math achievement, analytical reasoning, and other learning skills.

Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts students explore acting and improvisation. They learn the basic techniques of acting and character and voice development as well as presentation skills and scriptwriting. Older students learn beginning technical theatre skills, such as lighting and staging. Students may choose to perform in local school productions and participate in clubs and workshops.

Dance

Dance is offered at some Gwinnett middle schools and encourages students to study movement, physical fitness, and health through the Fine Arts. Opportunities to perform are provided regularly for students in these programs. Students can study at beginning and advanced levels. They also are encouraged to explore these skills through programs in our community.

Foreign Language

This introductory class focuses on language, customs, cultures, and geography for the areas where the language is spoken. Students learn practical vocabulary through a variety of written and oral activities. While language offerings vary, schools may choose to offer Spanish, French, German, and/or Latin at one or more grade levels, usually as an 18-week class.

Journalism

This writing-centered course exposes students to a variety of media formats. Students learn the skills to communicate clearly and concisely. The curriculum draws heavily on 6th grade Language Arts skills. The class covers standards for publication, knowledge of ethics in journalism, and career opportunities.

Career and Technical Education

Connections classes in Career and Technical Education expose middle school students to college and career options. The courses are exploratory in nature so students can identify a career or field that interests them. Each course introduces students to a variety of career pathways through hands-on, real world projects. Students learn transferable skills for success in high school and beyond. Connections that may be available at your student’s middle school include:

• Business Education
• Career Connections
• Computer Science
• Engineering and Technology
• Family and Consumer Science
• Junior Leadership Corps
• Marketing

Other Connections Opportunities

Connections offerings vary from school to school. These and other classes also may be available at your student’s middle school:

• Peer Leadership
• Academic Support and Enrichment in core subjects
• Research
• Study Skills

What will my student learn in 7th Grade?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In 7th grade, students work on reading and writing skills that will support them in learning all subjects. Students focus on skills for reading comprehension, including monitoring for comprehension, activating and connecting to prior knowledge, asking questions, inferring and visualizing, determining importance, and summarizing and synthesizing. 7th graders use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of activities in all classrooms. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across content areas, including technical subjects.

By the end of 7th grade, all students are expected to:

• Use words, patterns in words, and word meanings to read fluently and comprehend effectively in all texts and activities;
• Apply grade-appropriate language skills in writing;
• Self-monitor to correct errors when reading and writing, and talk with and listen to peers about one’s reading and writing to become lifelong readers and writers; and
• Use reading and writing to communicate through listening, speaking, and viewing.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with many facets.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subjects—Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and Connections classes.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language in all aspects of learning and real-world experiences, not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of teaching strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All students can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with guided instruction.
• Knowing where each student is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Students should be immersed in a literacy-rich environment in every subject area.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by students should occur daily, regardless of their ages or grade levels.
• Each day, students should have opportunities to read and write in a variety of genres.

Speaking and Listening

7th graders read and write to communicate through a variety of forms, including interactions with peers and adults. They work to become critical readers and viewers of media resources. Students have a variety of learning experiences, including group work, presentations, and multimedia viewing, in order to prepare them as competent communicators.

Reading

7th graders read and analyze a variety of both literary and informational texts. These include drama, poetry, and non-fiction texts. Students relate themes in what they read to personal experience. They make well-developed connections and analyze authors’ use of various elements of writing for effect and purpose. 7th graders are expected to read grade-level texts with accuracy and fluency in order to effectively comprehend what they read.

Language (Grammar, Spelling, and Vocabulary)

By the end of the year, students should demonstrate a command of Standard English in reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Students should be able to determine the meanings of words based on the context provided. Students should understand and be able to apply grade-appropriate, academic vocabulary.

Writing

At this grade level, students write narrative, informational, and argumentative pieces with well-defined ideas and organizational structures. 7th graders use the elements of writing style—audience awareness, voice, and rich, descriptive language—to make their writing interesting and informative. They use grade-appropriate grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in their writing. Students revise and edit their own work.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically, and communicate effectively.

Learning in 7th grade focuses on developing an understanding of the number system, ratio and proportional relationships, geometry, statistics and probability, and expressions and equations. By the end of 7th grade, students should be able to do the following:

• Apply and extend previous understanding of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers;
• Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real- world and mathematical problems;
• Use numerical and algebraic expressions and equations to solve real-world and mathematical problems;
• Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions;
• Investigate, develop, use, and evaluate probability models;
• Describe the relationships between geometric figures;
• Use random sampling to draw population inferences; and
• Work with radicals and integer exponents.

7th grade students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. They use a variety of representations to demonstrate their knowledge, such as verbal/written, numeric/data-based, graphical, and symbolic. Students use technology, data, and problem-solving strategies..

Science 

Exploration in life science is nurtured through a hands-on approach in 7th grade. Students explore concepts in many branches of life science, ranging from the cell to ecosystems. They develop lab experience using the steps of the scientific method. Students further develop scientific skills—observing, collecting and analyzing data, making measurements, and making conclusions.

Science and Engineering Practices

7th graders use scientific-process skills. They collect data, develop a hypothesis, and manipulate variables. They construct explanations and arguments based on their findings. The lab experience in 7th grade emphasizes safe practice. Students learn the value of asking questions and designing solutions.

Types of Life Science

Classification and Ecology

7th grade students classify organisms from simple to complex. They evaluate life processes of living organisms. Students compare and contrast different organisms. They investigate the interdependence of all organisms on one another and their environment. Students explore how environmental changes can affect the survival of individual organisms and entire species.

Evolution

7th graders examine the evolution of living organisms and explain how physical characteristics of species have changed over time. Using data from a variety of sources, students trace the history of changing life forms.

Cells and Genetics

Students study the basic components of plant and animal cells. They evaluate the structure and function of each component of a cell and describe how cells move and reproduce. Students explore how biological traits are passed from parents to offspring. They evaluate the role of genes and chromosomes.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. They learn the similarities and differences between nations, cultures, and peoples of the world. Students interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Interpretive Skills/Where We Live/Personal Finance

7th graders extend their understanding of maps and the impact of geography on historical and current events. Students formulate appropriate research questions. They interpret political cartoons. Students examine personal money management in terms of income, spending, credit, saving, and investing.

Our Global Society

Middle school students continue the examination of challenges in a global society. 7th graders study contemporary and traditional issues affecting Africa, South and East Asia, and the Middle East. Students look at early civilizations and major developments in the regions studied. They compare and contrast governments, economic systems, and cultural characteristics. Students explain how location, climate, resources, population, and other characteristics make an impact on a region’s development.

Health and Physical Education Connections 

Each year, middle school students are encouraged to take one semester of Health and one semester of Physical Education as Connections classes.

Health

In Health classes, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. At a grade-appropriate level, students explore these issues—relationships with others, drug use and misuse, personal and community safety, internet safety, nutrition, disease prevention, family interactions, the influence of peer groups, anatomy, and physiology. Students develop tools needed to make healthy choices when facing the difficult decisions of a maturing adolescent.

7th graders identify life-threatening emergencies and appropriate responses. They analyze environmental, genetic, and behavioral factors that influence health. Students discriminate between risk-taking and healthy behaviors and the consequences. 7th graders analyze the effects of illegal drug use, including steroids. Students analyze media influence on illegal drug use. They study the prevention, detection, and control of infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 7th graders examine the consequences of sexual behavior. They examine how the birth of a child and parental responsibilities change lives. Students examine body image in relation to weight control. They discuss the effects of safe and unsafe weight-loss programs. Students demonstrate respect for self and others. 7th graders identify ways to deal with stress.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically. They understand physical and anatomical changes during the formative years.

In PE, 7th grade students learn fitness concepts and participate in fitness assessments. Each student’s fitness assessment report will be distributed to his or her parents during the school year, depending on the student’s schedule. They learn how physical activities enhance their health. Students develop movement and motor skills, such as throwing, catching, kicking, and hitting a variety of objects. They practice conditioning principles to enhance performance. Students learn offensive and defensive strategies and cooperation through a variety of activities.

Fine Arts, Academic, and Career and Technical Connections 

Through the Connections Program, middle school students explore areas of study outside the core academic areas. Each quarter, students take two Connections classes. Options vary from school to school, but generally fall into three areas—fine arts, academic, and career/technical. Schools also may offer enrichment classes that extend learning in a core area, such as Language Arts or Mathematics, or classes that enhance study skills. Following are general descriptions of some Connections classes. Talk to your child’s school to learn more about available programs.

Music

Students have many and varied opportunities to experience Music at the middle school level. They may choose to participate in Band, Chorus, General Music, Guitar, Piano, Music Technology, or Orchestra. Music instruction builds on prior knowledge and skills from previous grade levels. Content, instruction, student performance, and evaluation methods become increasingly sophisticated at each grade or skill level. Students learn through performing. Middle school musicians learn to respond to and critique music. They understand music in relation to history and culture. Students demonstrate expressive and technical skills in vocal or instrumental performance. They improvise, compose, and arrange music. The middle school Music program prepares students for Music studies in high school.

Visual Arts

The middle school Visual Arts program addresses the diverse abilities, experiences, and exposure that students bring to the classroom. The program offers experiences in the arts that promote creativity as well as problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. In class, students create artwork in various media with numerous techniques. They use the elements and principles of art in their work. Students have opportunities to exhibit their work. Research shows that experience in the Visual Arts improves Math achievement, analytical reasoning, and other learning skills.

Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts students explore acting and improvisation. They learn the basic techniques of acting and character and voice development as well as presentation skills and scriptwriting. Older students learn beginning technical theatre skills, such as lighting and staging. Students may choose to perform in local school productions and participate in clubs and workshops.

Dance

Dance is offered at some Gwinnett middle schools and encourages students to study movement, physical fitness, and health through the Fine Arts. Opportunities to perform are provided regularly for students in these programs. Students can study at beginning and advanced levels. They also are encouraged to explore these skills through programs in our community.

Foreign Language

This introductory class focuses on language, customs, cultures, and geography for the areas where the language is spoken. Students learn practical vocabulary through a variety of written and oral activities. While language offerings vary, schools may choose to offer Spanish, French, German, and/or Latin at one or more grade levels, usually as an 18-week class. Some schools offer a year-long class (7th and/or 8th grades) that allows students to begin high school language study at a more advanced level.

Journalism

This writing-centered course exposes students to a variety of media formats. Students learn the skills to communicate clearly and concisely. The curriculum draws heavily on 7th grade Language Arts skills. The class covers standards for publication, knowledge of ethics in journalism, and career opportunities.

Career and Technical Education

Connections classes in Career and Technical Education expose middle school students to college and career options. The courses are exploratory in nature so students can identify a career or field that interests them. Each course introduces students to a variety of career pathways through hands-on, real world projects. Students learn transferable skills for success in high school and beyond. Connections that may be available at your student’s middle school include:

• Business Education
• Career Connections
• Computer Science
• Engineering and Technology
• Family and Consumer Science
• Junior Leadership Corps
• Marketing

Other Connections Opportunities

Connections offerings vary from school to school. These and other classes also may be available at your student’s middle school:

• Peer Leadership
• Academic Support and Enrichment in core subjects
• Research
• Study Skills

What will my student learn in 8th Grade?

Language Arts 

Learning to read and write is the basis for all learning. In 8th grade, students work on reading and writing skills that will support them in learning all subjects. Students focus on skills for reading comprehension, including monitoring for comprehension, activating and connecting to prior knowledge, asking questions, inferring and visualizing, determining importance, and summarizing and synthesizing. 8th graders use reading and writing skills throughout the school day as part of activities in all classrooms. The AKS standards emphasize literacy skills across content areas, including technical subjects.

By the end of 8th grade, all students are expected to:

• Use words, patterns in words, and word meanings to read fluently and comprehend effectively in all texts and activities;
• Apply grade-appropriate language skills in writing;
• Self-monitor to correct errors when reading and writing, and talk with and listen to peers about one’s reading and writing to become lifelong readers and writers; and
• Use reading and writing to communicate through listening, speaking, and viewing.

A Responsive Approach to Literacy Instruction

Teachers follow these principles to determine the best teaching methods, strategies, and materials to meet the needs of our students:

• Learning to read and write is a complex process with many facets.
• Reading and writing are integrated into all subjects—Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and Connections classes.
• Reading and writing are about experiencing language in all aspects of learning and real-world experiences, not merely practicing isolated skills.
• Reading and writing are interconnected forms of communication that emerge from listening and speaking.
• There is no “one way” to teach reading or writing. Teachers will incorporate a wide variety of teaching strategies to teach every student.
• Learning to read and write occurs along a developmental progression of stages.
• All students can learn to read and write along this developmental progression with guided instruction.
• Knowing where each student is developmentally enables teachers to plan, teach, and evaluate appropriately.
• Students should be immersed in a literacy-rich environment in every subject area.
• Reading and writing to, with, and by students should occur daily, regardless of their ages or grade levels.
• Each day, students should have opportunities to read and write in a variety of genres.

Speaking and Listening

8th graders read and write to communicate through a variety of forms, including interactions with peers and adults. They work to become critical readers and viewers of media resources. Students have a variety of learning experiences, including group work, presentations, and multimedia viewing, in order to prepare them as competent communicators.

Reading

8th graders read and analyze a variety of both literary and informational texts. These include drama, poetry, and non-fiction texts. Students relate themes in what they read to personal experience. They make well-developed connections and analyze authors’ use of various elements of writing for effect and purpose. 8th graders are expected to read grade-level texts with accuracy and fluency in order to effectively comprehend what they read.

Language (Grammar, Spelling, and Vocabulary)

By the end of the year, students should demonstrate a command of Standard English in reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Students should be able to determine the meanings of words based on the context provided. Students should understand and be able to apply grade-appropriate, academic vocabulary.

Writing

At this grade level, students write narrative, informational, and argumentative pieces with well-defined ideas and organizational structures. 8th graders use the elements of writing style—audience awareness, voice, and rich, descriptive language—to make their writing interesting and informative. They use grade-appropriate grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in their writing. Students revise and edit their own work.

Mathematics 

In the Mathematics classroom, students grow into confident, competent problem-solvers. They develop their understanding and use of numbers as they explore how mathematics connects to the real world. As they apply their learning in context, students develop their ability to think critically, reason mathematically, and communicate effectively.

Learning in 8th grade focuses on developing an understanding of Algebra I concepts. By the end of 8th grade, students should be able to do the following:

• Use properties of rational and irrational numbers;
• Create linear, quadratic, and exponential equations that describe relationships;
• Understand and describe how to solve equations and inequalities;
• Interpret equations in a real-world context;
• Construct and compare linear, quadratic, and exponential models, using equations, graphs, tables, and verbal descriptions; and
• Summarize, represent, and interpret data.

8th grade students use a number of strategies and tools as they learn math. They use a variety of representations to demonstrate their knowledge, such as verbal/written, numeric/data-based, graphical, and symbolic. Students use technology, data, and problem-solving strategies.

Science 

Exploration in physical science is nurtured through a hands-on approach in 8th grade. Students explore concepts in both chemistry and physics. They develop knowledge using the scientific method and engineering process. Students further refine their scientific skills so they can obtain, evaluate, and communicate information.

Science and Engineering Practices

8th graders use science and engineering practices to conduct investigations and design solutions. They ask questions, develop models, and construct explanations. They formulate arguments and revise investigations based on their findings. The lab experience in 8th grade emphasizes safe practice.

Types of Physical Science

Matter and Energy

Students in 8th grade investigate the nature of matter and the distinction between types of matter. They use the Periodic Table to gather information about elements. Students examine the forms and transformations of energy. They apply the law of conservation of energy as it is transformed from one type of energy to another.

Force, Motion, and Gravity

8th graders explore the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. They demonstrate the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object’s ability to move. They examine factors that determine gravity and the effect gravity has on all objects in the universe.

Waves, Electricity, and Magnetism

Students explore the nature and behavior of light and sound waves. They investigate how the human eye sees objects and distinguishes color. Students examine how the human ear detects and interprets sounds heard. They investigate the interactions of electricity and magnetism, and the role of circuits in transporting electricity.

Social Studies 

GCPS’ Social Studies program prepares students to participate as constructive citizens in a democratic society. Students understand their role and responsibility as citizens. They discover America’s heritage and its role and responsibility in the world. Students relate the past to the present. They learn the similarities and differences between nations, cultures, and peoples of the world. Students interpret maps and globes, process information, and solve problems. Students will learn how beliefs and ideas influence decisions and laws, how conflict causes change, how actions affect society, and how the movement of people and the spreading of ideas affect everyone.

Interpretive Skills/Where We Live/Personal Finance

8th grade students draw conclusions and make generalizations in comparing information on maps. They review information critically, checking for consistency and relevancy. Students evaluate how the state’s economy influences growth and development. They discuss the impact of economic decisions on Georgia families.

Our State

8th grade students take a year-long focus on Georgia studies. They explore their state through both historical and modern perspectives. 8th graders examine significant social, economic, and political developments in Georgia, relative to national and international issues. They study the state’s geography and how it affects the economy. Students evaluate cultural developments and the impact of events in Georgia from early settlements to modern times. They explore civic roles in the state.

Health and Physical Education Connections 

Each year, middle school students are encouraged to take one semester of Health and one semester of Physical Education as Connections classes.

Health

In Health classes, students learn how to live a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risks linked with illness and injury. They learn the consequences of unhealthy behaviors. At a grade-appropriate level, students explore these issues—relationships with others, drug use and misuse, personal and community safety, internet safety, nutrition, disease prevention, family interactions, the influence of peer groups, anatomy, and physiology. Students develop tools needed to make healthy choices when facing the difficult decisions of a maturing adolescent.

8th graders learn first aid for bleeding, burns, fainting, and muscle and bone injuries. Students examine consequences of tattoos, body piercing, and the use of communication devices. 8th graders analyze causes, signs, symptoms, and treatments for communicable and noncommunicable diseases and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). They discuss the use and abuse of prescription drugs. Students assess consequences of alcohol use on relationships and on a developing fetus. 8th graders develop skills for resisting peer pressure and propose alternatives to alcohol use. They analyze conflict with peers and strategies to counter conflict. Students assess their diets, using dietary guidelines. They identify social, emotional, intellectual, and economic aspects of dating. Students discuss issues and consequences related to teen sex.

Physical Education (PE)

Physical Education emphasizes lifetime fitness, physical activity, and skill development. Through carefully planned classes, students learn the importance of physical activity—for their health and for their success in school. The curriculum promotes fitness as students acquire skills and develop physically. They understand physical and anatomical changes during the formative years.

In PE, 8th grade students learn fitness concepts and participate in fitness assessments. Each student’s fitness assessment report will be distributed to his or her parents during the school year, depending on the student’s schedule. They learn how physical activities enhance their health. Students develop movement and motor skills, such as throwing, catching, kicking, and hitting a variety of objects. They practice conditioning principles to enhance performance. Students learn offensive and defensive strategies and cooperation through a variety of activities.

Fine Arts, Academic, and Career and Technical Connections 

Through the Connections Program, middle school students explore areas of study outside the core academic areas. Each quarter, students take two Connections classes. Options vary from school to school, but generally fall into three areas—fine arts, academic, and career/technical. Schools also may offer enrichment classes that extend learning in a core area, such as Language Arts or Mathematics, or classes that enhance study skills. Following are general descriptions of some Connections classes. Talk to your child’s school to learn more about available programs.

Music

Students have many and varied opportunities to experience Music at the middle school level. They may choose to participate in Band, Chorus, General Music, Guitar, Piano, Music Technology, or Orchestra. Music instruction builds on prior knowledge and skills from previous grade levels. Content, instruction, student performance, and evaluation methods become increasingly sophisticated at each grade or skill level. Students learn through performing. Middle school musicians learn to respond to and critique music. They understand music in relation to history and culture. Students demonstrate expressive and technical skills in vocal or instrumental performance. They improvise, compose, and arrange music. The middle school Music program prepares students for Music studies in high school.

Visual Arts

The middle school Visual Arts program addresses the diverse abilities, experiences, and exposure that students bring to the classroom. The program offers experiences in the arts that promote creativity as well as problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. In class, students create artwork in various media with numerous techniques. They use the elements and principles of art in their work. Students have opportunities to exhibit their work. Research shows that experience in the Visual Arts improves Math achievement, analytical reasoning, and other learning skills.

Theatre Arts

Theatre Arts students explore acting and improvisation. They learn the basic techniques of acting and character and voice development as well as presentation skills and scriptwriting. Older students learn beginning technical theatre skills, such as lighting and staging. Students may choose to perform in local school productions and participate in clubs and workshops.

Dance

Dance is offered at some Gwinnett middle schools and encourages students to study movement, physical fitness, and health through the Fine Arts. Opportunities to perform are provided regularly for students in these programs. Students can study at beginning and advanced levels. They also are encouraged to explore these skills through programs in our community.

Foreign Language

This introductory class focuses on language, customs, cultures, and geography for the areas where the language is spoken. Students learn practical vocabulary through a variety of written and oral activities. While language offerings vary, schools may choose to offer Spanish, French, German, and/or Latin at one or more grade levels, usually as an 18-week class. Some schools offer a year-long class (7th and/or 8th grades) that allows students to begin high school language study at a more advanced level

Journalism

This writing-centered course exposes students to a variety of media formats. Students learn the skills to communicate clearly and concisely. The curriculum draws heavily on 8th grade Language Arts skills. The class covers standards for publication, knowledge of ethics in journalism, and career opportunities.

Career and Technical Education

Connections classes in Career and Technical Education expose middle school students to college and career options. The courses are exploratory in nature so students can identify a career or field that interests them. Each course introduces students to a variety of career pathways through hands-on, real world projects. Students learn transferable skills for success in high school and beyond. Connections that may be available at your student’s middle school include:

• Business Education
• Career Connections
• Communications
• Computer Science
• Engineering and Technology
• Family and Consumer Science
• Junior Leadership Corps
• Marketing

Other Connections Opportunities

Connections offerings vary from school to school. These and other classes also may be available at your student’s middle school:

• Peer Leadership
• Academic Support and Enrichment in core subjects
• Research
• Study Skills